South Africa has withdrawn its first draft national artificial intelligence policy after officials discovered that parts of the document appeared to rely on AI-generated references that could not be verified, according to the country’s communications minister.

Solly Malatsi said internal checks confirmed that several citations in the draft were fictitious and that the lapse undermined both the integrity and credibility of the policy process. He said the most likely explanation was that generated references had been included without proper verification, adding that this should not have happened.

The draft had been intended to set out South Africa’s approach to AI governance while also positioning the country as a regional leader in innovation. It proposed new bodies, including a national AI commission, an AI ethics board and a regulatory authority, alongside incentives such as tax breaks, grants and subsidies to encourage private-sector investment in AI infrastructure.

The controversy surfaced after News24 identified at least six apparently fake academic references among 67 listed in the document. Editors at journals including the South African Journal of Philosophy, AI & Society and the Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy later confirmed that the cited articles did not exist, even though the journals themselves were real. Reuters-style reporting from South African outlets said Malatsi promised consequences for those responsible for the drafting process.

The episode comes as concern grows internationally over the use of generative AI in research and public administration. A Nature study cited in the reporting found that more than 2.5% of papers published in 2025 contained at least one potentially fabricated reference, up from 0.3% in 2024, suggesting the problem is becoming more common as language models are used for drafting and summarising material. Malatsi said the affair was a lesson in why human oversight remains essential, and the policy is expected to be revised before being republished for public comment.

Source Reference Map

Inspired by headline at: [1]

Sources by paragraph:

Source: Noah Wire Services