Unique changes in the retina may soon assist in revealing signs of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), according to groundbreaking research from South Korea. This study suggests that analysing specific characteristics in the back of the eye could provide vital insights into ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder known to hinder concentration, impulse control, and activity levels.

The research team from Yonsei University College of Medicine utilised an AI computer model to analyse retinal images from 323 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, comparing them with an equal number of peers without the condition. The model demonstrated an impressive accuracy of 96%, identifying key differences in the shape and pattern of blood vessels within the eyes of those with ADHD. Significant changes included an increase in the number of blood vessels, thicker vessels, and smaller optic discs, which control the connection from the eyes to the brain. These alterations are thought to reflect the differences in brain connectivity often associated with ADHD.

By demonstrating that retinal imaging can serve as a non-invasive biomarker, the researchers have opened doors for potentially faster and more accurate diagnoses. They emphasise the need for early screening, which can lead to improved social, familial, and academic functioning for individuals with ADHD. However, the study does have its limitations; the findings derived from a modest sample size and are based predominantly on young children, with an average age of nine. The researchers are now aiming to extend this analysis to a broader demographic, including older individuals and those with coexisting conditions such as autism.

ADHD is a growing concern in the UK, affecting approximately 2.5 million people, yet only a fraction—about a third—have received a proper diagnosis. Recent NHS statistics indicate that around 5% of children and young people, alongside 3-4% of adults, are estimated to have ADHD. Of the nearly 549,000 individuals currently awaiting assessment, many have faced significant delays, with reports indicating that over 304,000 have been waiting for at least a year. This growing number can be attributed, in part, to increased awareness raised by public figures and social media, contributing to overwhelming demand for ADHD services.

Public figures like Love Island star Olivia Attwood, broadcaster Sue Perkins, and model Katie Price have spoken openly about their experiences with ADHD, with Attwood recalling the considerable stress it caused during her teenage years. Perkins noted that receiving her diagnosis provided clarity, stating, “It made everything make sense.” This increasing visibility is part of a broader societal effort to shed light on the complexities of ADHD, which often presents differently across genders and age groups, particularly among women.

Furthermore, there has been a significant surge in diagnoses and prescriptions for ADHD treatment over the past two decades in the NHS. A separate study by University College London revealed that diagnoses and prescriptions have soared, particularly among adults. With a notable rise in young women seeking treatment—prompted by social media discussions—healthcare providers have been urged to enhance support systems and ensure equitable access to ADHD care.

As research like that from Yonsei University continues to explore new avenues for diagnosis, there is hope for a future where ADHD can be identified more swiftly and accurately, allowing for timely intervention that can significantly improve quality of life for those affected. The intersection of technology and medicine may indeed redefine our understanding and management of ADHD, providing a clearer path for those navigating its challenges.

Reference Map:

Source: Noah Wire Services