Oil prices edged lower on Monday amid renewed concerns over a burgeoning global supply glut and escalating tensions between the United States and China, which heightened fears of a slowing global economy and weaker oil demand. Brent crude futures declined by 24 cents, or 0.4%, to $61.05 per barrel, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) slipped 21 cents, or 0.4%, to $57.33, erasing gains made the previous week. This marked the third consecutive weekly drop for both benchmarks, extending a downtrend fuelled by the International Energy Agency's (IEA) recent warning of an expected supply surplus in 2026.

Market analysts highlight that the anticipated oil glut stems primarily from increased production by major oil-producing countries, notably OPEC+ members, alongside apprehensions about the economic impact of the growing U.S.-China trade dispute. The trade tensions have intensified recently with both nations imposing additional port fees on cargo shipments, disrupting global freight flows and raising concerns about a broader economic slowdown. Toshitaka Tazawa of Fujitomi Securities explained this confluence is "fuelling selling pressure" in oil markets.

Geopolitical developments add layers of complexity to the oil outlook. U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin recently agreed to hold a summit focused on the war in Ukraine, an unexpected development that has injected uncertainty into oil market dynamics. The U.S. administration is simultaneously ramping up pressure on major buyers of Russian crude, including India and China, urging them to cut imports—a move that could reshape supply patterns, potentially reducing India's Russian oil intake while making cheaper supplies more available to China. In related diplomacy, Trump claimed that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi pledged to stop purchasing Russian oil, a statement that briefly buoyed Brent prices, reflecting the market’s sensitivity to such shifts.

In the United States, domestic energy activity has shown signs of cautious expansion, with drilling rigs for oil and natural gas rising for the first time in three weeks, as noted in Baker Hughes’ latest report. However, U.S. crude inventories also increased unexpectedly, coupled with refinery maintenance reducing demand for crude inputs. This inventory build, alongside record U.S. production levels exceeding 13.6 million barrels per day, continues to exert downward pressure on prices.

Looking ahead, financial institutions and industry watchers anticipate that oil prices could face further downside risks if the trade conflict worsens or if OPEC+ amplifies production. Bank of America, for example, warned that escalating U.S.-China trade tensions combined with increased OPEC output could push Brent crude below $50 per barrel, although the bank maintains a price forecast around $61 for the coming months, expecting some price support around $55 per barrel. The IEA’s latest outlook also suggests a larger-than-expected supply surplus in 2026, adjusting previous projections of a tighter market.

This complex interplay of geopolitical negotiations, trade hostilities, and shifting supply-demand fundamentals underscores the challenging environment for oil markets. While the scheduled Trump-Putin summit raises hopes of diminished conflict in Ukraine, thus potentially loosening supply constraints, persistent economic headwinds and trade frictions continue to dampen demand prospects globally.

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Source: Noah Wire Services